Jean Watson's Nursing Theory

This typography presents an analysis and limited review of a published nurse philosophy and possible action by the nurse theorist Jean Watson. The analysis is based on Watson's publications about her theory, especially her 1979 book, breast feeding: The Philosophy and Science of Caring, and her 1985 book, Nursing: Human Science and Human Care: A surmise of Nursing. In addition to a brief review of Watson's theory, the paper also discusses and evaluates Watson's theory as opposed to other nurse theories, and indicates possible applications of the theory in any or some(prenominal) nursing areas.

Analysis of several chapters of Watson's 1985 book reveals that the main concepts of the theory of Human Caring are transpersonal caring and carative factors. Transpersonal caring is delimitate as "human-to-human connectedness...[whereby] each is touched by the human sharpen of the other" (Watson, 1989a, p. 131). The concept has four components or dimensions: self-importance, phenomenal field, genuine caring occasion of the patient and the nurse, and intersubjectivity.

Watson (1985) identified various forms of the self: the self as it is, the ideal self that the person would standardised to be, and the spiritual self, which is synonymous with the geist or soul or snapper of the person and which is the highest sense of self. Quoting Rogers (1959, p. 200), she defined the self:

Watson, J. (1992). Window on theory of human caring. In M. O'Toole (Ed.). Miller-Keane encyclopedia & dictionary of medicine, nursing, & allied health (p. 1481). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.

Watson, J. (1989b). Watson's philosophy and theory of human caring in nursing. In J. P. Riehl-Sisca (Ed.). Conceptual models for nursing practice (pp. 219-236). Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange.

The ninth carative factor--assistance with gratification of human needs--emphasizes the nurse's contribution in helping others in their activities of daily living as well as fostering growth and development. Watson (1979, 1989b) identified and hierarchically ordered the needs she regarded as most relevant to nursing as human caring. The need for survival encompasses needs for forage and fluid, elimination, and ventilation. The functional need includes activity-inactivity and sexuality. The integrative need is made up of achievement and affiliation needs. Finally, the growth-seeking need encompasses intrapersonal and interpersonal needs, spiritual development, and self-actualization.

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