The hard sciences Renfrew refers to include geology, biology, physics, and chemistry. More specifically, the developments and discoveries inwardly these knowledge domains leading to the realization of scientific archaeology argon the antiquity of man, the theory of evolution, and radiometric dating. While the advent of genetics has certainly been significant for the field of archaeology, the author has postponed a full parole of DNA analysis until part two of his book.
The foundation of the field of geology itself in the middle of the nineteenth century paved the bearing for archaeology. Previous to scientists such as Cuvier, Smith, Hutton, and Lyell (page 7), the world was thought to be scarce 6,000 years old in the Western world.
With the sure decision by scholars to examine the natural world as a conglomerate of observable forces, scientists began to notice anomalies in geological excavations. Things like manmade tools located near deposits of extinct animal skeletons questioned the traditional chronology of contemporary knowledge. In 1959 the scientists Sir Joseph Prestwich and John Evans studied these anomalies and popularized in the scientific community what is known as the antiquity of man, expanding the lifetime of serviceman to be much older than most common fellowship imagined at the time (page 9).
Charles Darwins On the Origin of Species was print in 1859 and revolutionized contemporary biology forever. Shortly thereafter he published The Descent of Man and more directly dealt with what was only hinted at in his first work:...If you want to drag a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay
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